A mole, medically referred to as a *nevus*, is a common type of skin growth that forms when pigment-producing cells cluster together. These marks often appear as small, flesh-colored, brown, or black spots on the skin and can be either flat or slightly raised. While some moles are present at birth, many develop later during childhood or adolescence. For most people, moles are harmless. However, because sun exposure can damage the skin over time, some moles may change in appearance and become cancerous.
When a mole turns malignant, removal becomes necessary to prevent the spread of skin cancer. On the other hand, non-cancerous or benign moles may also be removed if they cause irritation, discomfort, or cosmetic concerns—such as when a mole is located on the face and impacts a person’s confidence.
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### Common Methods of Mole Removal
Thanks to advancements in dermatology, several safe and minimally invasive procedures are available for removing unwanted moles. The right choice often depends on the size, type, and location of the mole, as well as whether it is benign or potentially cancerous.
**1. Excision**
Excision is a straightforward surgical method in which the mole is cut out with a scalpel. Before the procedure, a dermatologist or surgeon injects a local anesthetic to numb the area. The mole is then carefully removed, often along with a small margin of surrounding skin. If the mole extends deeper into the tissue, stitches may be necessary to close the wound. Sutures are usually removed after a few days once healing begins.
**2. Shave Removal**
Shave removal is similar to excision but less invasive and typically used for smaller moles. After numbing the skin, the surgeon gently shaves away thin layers of tissue until the mole is no longer visible. Because the wound is shallow, stitches are rarely required. This method leaves minimal scarring and is popular for facial moles.
**3. Freezing (Cryotherapy)**
In some cases, liquid nitrogen can be used to freeze and destroy mole tissue. This process, called cryotherapy, causes the mole to blister and eventually fall off as the skin heals. The procedure is quick and usually does not require anesthesia since discomfort is minimal. Cryotherapy is more often used for skin tag removal or very small moles.
**4. Laser Removal**
For certain small, flat moles, laser treatment may be an option. A CO2 laser emits pulses of concentrated light to target and break down pigmented cells. Because the treatment is precise, it reduces the risk of scarring, making it a good choice for visible areas like the face. However, multiple sessions may be required for complete removal.
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### When to See a Doctor About a Mole
Although most moles are harmless, it’s important to monitor them for any unusual changes. The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends following the **ABCDE rule** when examining your moles:
* **A – Asymmetry:** One half of the mole looks different from the other.
* **B – Border:** The edges are irregular, jagged, or blurred.
* **C – Color:** The mole contains multiple shades of brown, black, or even red instead of being one uniform color.
* **D – Diameter:** The mole is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser) or continues to grow.
* **E – Evolving:** The mole changes in shape, size, color, or texture over time.
Any mole showing these warning signs should be checked by a dermatologist immediately, as it may indicate melanoma, a dangerous form of skin cancer.
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### Regular Skin Checks
Even if your moles appear normal, routine skin checks are highly recommended. Most healthy adults should have a full-body skin exam once a year. However, individuals with a family history of skin cancer, excessive sun exposure, or a large number of moles may require more frequent checkups. Early detection is key to successful treatment of skin cancers.
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### Final Thoughts
Mole removal can be performed safely through various methods such as excision, shaving, freezing, or laser therapy. While many people choose removal for cosmetic reasons, it is crucial to recognize when a mole may signal something more serious. By keeping track of your skin’s health and seeking medical attention for suspicious changes, you can reduce risks and maintain healthy skin.
Resources: Mole Removal Sacramento